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The Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park ((タミル語:மன்னார் வளைகுடா தேசிய கடல்சார் உயிரியல் பூங்கா)) is a protected area of India consisting of 21 small islands (islets) and adjacent coral reefs in the Gulf of Mannar in the Indian Ocean. It lies 1 to 10 km away from the east coast of Tamil Nadu, South India for 160 km between Thoothukudi (Tuticorin) and Dhanushkodi. It is the core area of the Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve which includes a 10 km buffer zone around the park, including the populated coastal area. The park has a high diversity of plants and animals in its marine, intertidal and near shore habitats. Public access inside the Park is limited to glass bottom boat rides. ==Geography== The park is part of the 140 km long and 25 km wide Mannar barrier reef. It lies between 8° 47’ to 9° 15’ N latitude and 78° 12’ to 79° 14’ E longitude. The 21 islands vary from 0.25 ha (.6 acre) to 130 ha. (321.2 acres). Total area of the islands is 〔 (Map p.2 ) The islands (listed southwest to northeast) include four in the Tuticorin group: Vaan, 16.0 ha 〔 Koswari, 19.50 ha Vilanguchalli, 0.95 ha , now 1 m below mean low tide level as a result of excessive coral mining. Kariyachalli, 16.46 ha ; three in the Vembar group: Uppu Thanni, 22.94 ha, elevation 4 m Puluvini Challi, 6.12 ha, elevation 5.5 m Nalla Thanni, 101.00 ha, elevation 11.9 m (recently populated) ; seven in the Kilakarai group: Anaipar, 11.00 ha, elevation 2.1 m Vali Munai, 6.72 ha, elevation 1.2 m Poovarasan Patti, 0.50 ha, elevation 1.2 m Appa, 28.63 ha, elevation 6.4 m Talairi, 75.15 ha, elevation 2.7 m Valai 10.10 ha, elevation 3.0 m Mulli, 10.20 ha, elevation 1.2 m ; and seven in the Mandapam group: Musal, 124.00 ha, elevation 0.9 m (recently populated) Manoli, 25.90 ha Manoli-Putti 2.34 ha Poomarichan 16.58 ha Pullivasal, 29.95 ha Kurusadai, 65.80 ha was recently populated.〔 Its surrounding shallow waters harbour three species of seagrass that are found nowhere else in India. Representatives of every animal phylum known (except amphibians) are found on this island. Shingle, 12.69 ha, elevation .6m . Tidal amplitude in the area is about .5m. There were two more islands named Pandayan and Punnaiyadi at that were destroyed for construction of the new Tuticorn Port facilities. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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